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Chronology
Politics
Netherlands, Sierra Leone

It was another bravado performance in The Hague from Charles Taylor, who looked gentle and unassuming as he asked for leniency. Almost tempted to believe him, SIMON ALLISON recalls that no amount of smooth talking can erase the horrors the man inflicted on Sierra Leone.

Watching Charles Taylor defend himself is a disconcerting experience. You know he is responsible for the rapes, the murders, the child soldiers. The court knows it too, that’s why he was found guilty earlier this month on 11 charges of aiding and abetting war crimes and crimes against humanity, all related to the actions of his rebel movement in Sierra Leone. And yet the man standing before the court does not look like a killer. On the contrary: gentle, distinguished, avuncular spring to mind. You almost want to believe him. The judges, fortunately, won’t be swayed that easily. On Wednesday,… More

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South Africa, Ethiopia, Malawi

Unless the South African government gets its head out of the sand over the next chairperson of the AU, there’ll be another stalemate in Lilongwe – and our already battered reputation will take another hammering. By SIMON ALLISON.

For the most part, South African foreign policy is sensible. There’s reason, a clear strategy and some measure of rationale underpinning the decisions and statements coming from the department of international relations and cooperation (Dirco) – even when we might not agree with it. Unfortunately, this is not always the case. It is especially not the case in what is perhaps South Africa’s highest-profile diplomatic gambit to date, the candidature of home affairs minister Nkosazana Dlamini-Zuma for the position of chairwoman of the African Union Commission. Dlamini-Zuma was nominated for the position by SADC against incumbent Jean Ping of Gabon.… More

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Ethiopia

Africa and the ICC have an intense and complicated relationship. The African Union would like to change this and have Africa take responsibility for enforcing its own justice, and it’s meeting to do exactly this. But don’t expect the ICC to go anywhere yet. By SIMON ALLISON.

In Addis Ababa, the Ethiopian-flavoured African capital with a less than stellar reputation for justice, a select group of African lawyers, jurists and diplomats is meeting to discuss one of the most contentious issues: the International Criminal Court and how Africa should deal with it. They’ll have a lot to discuss. Africa and the ICC have a short, but difficult history. The international court tasked with prosecuting the very worst of humanity, mass murderers and the war criminals, is a recent invention. This year, it’s only a decade old, but already its influence stretches far beyond its fancy courtroom in… More

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Zimbabwe

Those dastardly liberal types responsible for drafting the new Zimbabwean constitution – aka “regime change weapon” – have crossed the line as far as Zanu-PF is concerned with their repeated attempts to smuggle in protection for gay rights and all kinds of other dangerous imperialist dogma. Consensus remains a long way off. By SIMON ALLISON.

Perhaps the most difficult job in Zimbabwean politics belongs to Munyaradzi Mangwana. Mangwana is heading the Zanu-PF delegation at the parliamentary committee (Copac) tasked with writing Zimbabwe’s new constitution and, from the very beginning, he found himself in a Catch-22 situation. Were he to take his job seriously, the constitution would be filled with the kinds of human rights discourse and constitutional safeguards the opposition parties are pushing for and which most respected constitutions include as a matter of course. This, however, would not go down very well with certain factions of his party. And were he to just push… More

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Algeria

Algeria goes to the polls on Thursday to elect a new parliament. With some bravado, the Algerian government has promoted these elections in advertisements as “Algeria’s Spring”, invoking the spirit of the Arab Spring. But this is just another opportunity for the country’s political elite to gain a semblance of legitimacy. By KHADIJA PATEL.

Political pundits have long touted Algeria to be the scene of the next, great Arab uprising. Yet, last year, as an infectious appetite for political change spread from Tunisia across North Africa and the Arabian Peninsula, Algeria maintained its status quo. Days before Mohammed Bouazzizi’s self-immolation in Tunisia in December 2010, Algeria was rocked by massive youth riots targeting private stores, government offices, post offices, schools and other symbols of public authority. Three-quarters of Algeria’s population of 37 million are under 35 and like other restless, young populations in the developing world they reel under the twin burdens of unemployment… More

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Mali, South Africa

As Timbuktu reels under rebel control, South Africa’s investment in the preservation and protection of ancient manuscripts has been significantly imperilled. A good few million rands were poured into the Timbuktu project, but it’s not the financial loss that will be felt most acutely. By KHADIJA PATEL.

In May 2010, minister in the presidency Collins Chabane formally handed over a new library and archives building to the Malian government. The building was constructed to adequately house ancient manuscripts at the Ahmed Baba Institute of Higher Learning and Islamic Research in Timbuktu. At the time of building it, it was a pet project of then president Thabo Mbeki, invoking his call towards an “African Renaissance”. The manuscripts of Timbuktu offer a rare window into life in the region known as Western Sudan from the late 15th century onward. They cover topics from the natural and physical sciences, including… More

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South Africa, Ethiopia

A stalemate in the never-ending race to chair the AU Commission is inevitable unless someone can show some real leadership. It’s time for our diplomats to ditch their egos and find a compromise candidate, or it’s Africa that will be compromised – again. BY SIMON ALLISON.

The time is not so far away now when South Africa will once again be putting its diplomatic might to the test. In July, African heads of state will descend upon Malawi’s verdant capital, Lilongwe, to discuss all kinds of important things, from coups in Mali to war in Somalia, as part of the year’s second African Union summit. Looming largest on the agenda, however, is the issue they failed to settle at the first, in Addis Ababa in January: just who will lead the African Union Commission? The race is between two very different candidates. Jean Ping, the incumbent,… More

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Mali

Historians’ worst fears are coming true as Timbuktu’s new rulers set fire to an ancient tomb, just one of the city’s many World Heritage sites. And this is just the beginning, says Ansar Dine, the Islamist group whose fundamentalist dogma threatens to destroy Africa’s most fabled city. By SIMON ALLISON.

They call Timbuktu the city of 333 saints. That’s how many holy men have wandered its dusty streets, according to locals, who swear they can list them all. Others are more prosaic, acknowledging that the number is but a symbol in a place with such a long and spiritual history, the real number is far more, they argue. Sidi Mahmoud Ben Amar was one of the saints, a 15th century Islamic judge and scholar who was buried in the city. His tomb became a holy place, venerated by pilgrims and, a few decades ago, by Unesco, which added it to… More

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Sudan

As tensions escalate, war in the Sudans looks inevitable. In fact, Sudan’s President Omar al-Bashir already thinks so. Not that he minds too much, judging by his belligerent attitude as he addressed his troops. After all, violence has always been the panacea to all his problems, and right now he’s got all sorts of problems. By SIMON ALLISON.

The beleaguered citizens of South Sudan might be wondering what the point of this independence thing really is. Not even a year after the joyous celebrations that greeted the birth of South Sudan, the war clouds have descended once again as both sides, led by the regime in Khartoum, fall into the familiar old pattern of violence and aggression. But there is a point, and it’s an important one. There’s a lot more interest this time because suddenly the conflict has become more than just a civil war. The very fact of international borders, poorly defined though they are, and… More

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Zimbabwe

Something’s wrong with Comrade Bob. Maybe it’s the cancer everyone suspects, maybe it’s just old age, but he’s getting soft. Mugabe’s speeches don’t usually centre around peace, tolerance, and free will – quite the opposite – so his conciliatory address to mark Zimbabwe’s independence day came as a shock. By SIMON ALLISON.

Two controversies dominated the run up to Zimbabwe’s independence day celebrations, held in a packed stadium in Harare on Wednesday to commemorate 32 years since Zimbabweans replaced the Rhodesian regime with Mugabe’s. The first concerned the celebrations themselves, and specifically what was being celebrated. Prime Minister Morgan Tsvangirai went public with his dissatisfaction with the day’s theme, encapsulated by the not-so-catchy title Indigenisation and Economic Empowerment for Economic Transformation. “We find this a repugnant theme, which sounds more of a slogan for a political party than an inclusive, peace-building theme,” he said. It is topical, however, with the Zanu-PF section… More

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South Africa, Uganda

It was less a case of Invisible Children and more a case of Invisible Activists on Friday night. That date, 20 April, was the occasion of Kony 2012’s Cover the Night campaign. Reports suggest it flopped worldwide but that Cape Town put in a good effort. They also suggest that Internet causes don’t necessarily translate into concrete action. By REBECCA DAVIS.

Since the release of its viral Kony 2012 video in March, Invisible Children has been taking flak from all directions. The campaign, to make Lord’s Resistance Army-leader Joseph Kony famous in order to keep international attention focused on attempts to bring him to justice, was accused of being simplistic, naive and culturally insensitive. In the resulting maelstrom of media scrutiny and criticism, founder Jason Russell was captured on camera suffering a public breakdown, beating the ground while naked and ranting about the devil.   This was a PR nightmare for the organisation, and the media-savvy group took swift action. On 5… More

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South Africa, Morocco

Despite South Africa’s sole objection, the United Nations chose not to monitor human rights in the knowledge of gross violations in Western Sahara, which was condemned to another year of its impasse with Morocco. If the Polisario takes matters into its own hands again, it’s because it has no other choice. By SIMON ALLISON.

Western Sahara is the Africa's forgotten conflict. While the world worries about Iraq and Afghanistan, while Africa busies itself with Sudan and Somalia, the Sahrawi stay penned up in their tented camps in the desert, guarded by 100,000 of Morocco’s finest soldiers and denied the right to choose their own fate, a right granted them two decades ago by none other than the United Nations. The country – can we call it that? – is in a strange kind of limbo. Diplomatically and legally their case is watertight: the UN has recognised that Morocco’s occupation of the area has no… More

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Mali

On Tuesday, the presidents of Ecowas nations met to discuss Mali. They condemned the coup and sent an ultimatum to the junta: step aside, or risk military intervention. By SIMON ALLISON.

This is no empty threat. Unlike other regional bodies, Ecowas has a substantial and occasionally successful record of forcing change, making an armed expedition to the Sahel a distinct possibility. Mali is one of the members of the Economic Community of West African States, and was, until recently, a promising democracy with elections around the corner. That was until a group of disgruntled army officers, frustrated at what they saw as their government’s soft approach to the rebellion in the north, took matters into their own hands, storming the capital of Bamako and forcing the president into hiding. As far… More

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Cape Town

There were fears that the Press Freedom Commission hearings, dubbed the "Listening to South Africa Campaign" would result in nothing more than a rehash of the Press Council public hearings that took place in 2011. At the very least, a greater diversity of voices seem to have come to the party. By JULIE REID.

On Thursday 19 January the first of a series of hearings hosted by the Press Freedom Commission was held in Cape Town. First, a brief history of the PFC itself. In partial response to the ANC’s calls for a statutory body to regulate the print media, or a media appeals tribunal, the South African Press Council conducted a review of its processes over 2010 and 2011. South Africa’s press self-regulatory body released a full report of this review process in August 2011, and at around the same time the PFC was instituted by Print Media South Africa and the South… More

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Gabon

The elected President of Gabon, Ali Bongo Odimba, doesn't like it when the self-proclaimed president, André Mba Obame, receives media coverage about his claim. His reaction is to shoot the messenger – or, in this case, shut the television station. By THERESA MALLINSON.

On 16 October 2009 Ali Bongo Odimba was sworn in as President of Gabon. Bongo, the son of the country's previous president, Omar Bongo, received 41.79% of the vote in a recount undertaken by the country’s constitutional court, which actually slightly improved his showing. After the original results, all 17 opposition candidates were unified in issuing a statement accusing the ruling Gabonese Democratic Party of ensuring the elections were anything but free and fair. Among the signatories was independent candidate André Mba Obame, who officially won the second-largest number of votes, and subsequently claimed he'd in fact won just more… More

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South Africa

Nearly three months after he was shot by Libyan government troops near Brega, a ceremony in Johannesburg remembered photographer Anton Hammerl and reflected on his life and work – and his quest to tell the truth about conflict, despite the dangers. By PHILLIP DE WET.

Anton Hammerl changed after he was drafted into the South African military and deployed to the front line of the Apartheid government's war with Angola, long-time friend Ziemek Pater told a memorial service on Saturday. That experience may explain, in part, why he left his young children behind and travelled to the front lines of the war in Libya, to photograph the conflict that still rages there. Some of those images, shown at the service, are extraordinary; a man at prayer as a rocket is launched in the background, rebels with cobbled-together equipment getting ready to move towards the front,… More

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Libya, South Africa

On Thursday night South African photojournalist Anton Hammerl's wife, Penny Sukhraj, received the phone call she'd been dreading. Her husband had been shot dead by Gaddafi loyalists on 5 April. The South African government – which had assured all and sundry that Hammerl was alive – now say they were consistently lied to by the Libyan government "from the highest levels". What action can it take to express outrage about those lies? Not a great deal, it seems.  By THERESA MALLINSON and PHILLIP DE WET.

Anton Hammerl was never in the custody of the Libyan government, at least not while alive. Instead, on 5 April, a group of journalists came under fire near Brega. Americans Jim Foley and Clare Gillis as well as Spaniard Manu Brabo, were indeed captured and held by the Libyan government until their release on Wednesday. Hammerl, though, was shot in the stomach, and almost certainly died shortly thereafter. For more than a month, though, the Libyans told another story. That was what emerged late on Thursday night, once Foley and Gillis were free to speak. Until that point, we are… More

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Libya, South Africa

On Tuesday evening it was announced that four journalists held in Libya – Manu Brabo, Jim Foley, Clare Gillis, and an unnamed fourth – would be released, possibly as early as Wednesday. We don't know if the fourth journalist is Anton Hammerl, but it seems unlikely. And in South Africa, the lack of information and action is still difficult to believe. Either the SA government doesn't know or doesn't really care. Or both. By THERESA MALLINSON.

Photojournalist Anton Hammerl has been missing in Libya since 5 April. Since then, South African government has strung Hammerl's family, friends, supporters and the public along with third-party assurances of his safety. Last week, minister of international relations Maite Nkoana-Mashabane appeared confident that Hammerl was still alive. When The Star newspaper asked her whether the South African government had proof of this, she answered, simply, “Yes”. But, in light of the progress that had already been made on the case of the three other journalists, it sat uneasily that this “proof” had not been made known to Hammerl's family. As… More

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Libya

South African photojournalist Anton Hammerl has been detained in Libya for 10 days – and counting. SA's diplomats say it is a “delicate situation”, and can’t give details of negotiations for his release. Yet four New York Times journalists captured in Libya in March were released after only six days, while, in another great example of great skill and dedication of our government, the South African consulate in Tripoli has yet to locate Hammerl. And it took them eight days to just to contact his family. By THERESA MALLINSON.

On Tuesday 5 April – ten days ago – South African photojournalist Anton Hammerl was captured by Gaddafi’s forces in Libya. US reporters Clare Morgana Gillis and James Foley, and Spanish photographer Manu Brabo, were originally believed to have been captured at the same time, although it is now unclear as to whether they were taken together. More than a week later consular contact has still not been made with Hammerl. His family had been led to believe that President Jacob Zuma would raise the matter with Muammar Gaddafi when they met on Sunday. They were bitterly disappointed that this… More

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Swaziland

Swaziland has turned into a mini-war-zone as police armed to the teeth parade the streets in a public display of military might. Soldiers have been occupying strategic areas, while roadblocks have been mounted across the country in preparation for the planned uprising on Tuesday. Several activists have been arrested, and the Swazi Labour Federation headquarters has been surrounded by police. By MANQOBA NXUMALO.

Trade unions, political parties and civil society organisations are planning a protest action on Tuesday to demand the unbanning of political parties and the removal of Prime Minister Sibusiso Dlamini and his cabinet. April 12 has been targeted for the protests because it was the day in 1973 that King Mswati III’s father, King Sobhuza II, banned political parties and began his absolute monarchy. A Facebook group called “The April 12 Swazi uprising” has also called for protests to demand Mswati hand over power to the people. This planned uprising comes as Swaziland is in financial crisis following a drastic… More

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Uganda

During February’s polls in Uganda and the campaigns that preceded them, journalists had a tough time of it, being harassed and intimidated by both ruling and opposition parties. With Museveni still in power, it doesn't seem the situation will improve anytime soon. But at least journalists are out of immediate danger – for now. By TOM RHODES.

The election results were announced on 18 February with incumbent President Yoweri Museveni winning with 68% of the vote in presidential and parliamentary elections. It was one of the tightest races Museveni faced in nearly 25 years of power, and his supporters were keen to suppress the rural press to ensure another presidential term. For once, his main opponent Kizza Besigye [http://www.kizzabesigye.org/] was not in jail or threatened – as in the previous two elections, and there was even a net increase in electoral participants, many young and eager for change. Besigye’s Inter-Party Cooperation party had 26% of the votes,… More

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Ghana

Ghana has a proud tradition of investigative reporting. Its latest practitioner is Anas Aremeyaw Anas, who specialises in going undercover. He's exposed corruption in cocoa smuggling, the running of mental homes and orphanages, and most recently at the country's main port. Seems apt that he works for a newspaper called The New Crusading Guide. By BAAFOO AHENKORA.

For every generation, there arise notable journalists who serve as the faces of the profession in their countries. These journalists mesmerise us with their reportage in the midst of disaster, or they suffer at the hands of a brutal regime or they uncover a clandestine criminal operation. Whatever the circumstances that shoot them into the limelight, they serve as the epitome of excellence, inspiring their colleagues to greater heights and motivating the younger generation to seriously consider journalism as a profession. Ghana has had its fair share of journalistic heroes. There are those of the old stock, who through their… More

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Nigeria

On Thursday afternoon, Nigeria's Freedom of Information (FoI) bill was passed by the house of representatives, without much opposition. However, it still needs to pass the senate and be signed by the president before it becomes law. And with certain areas like law enforcement, the economy, international affairs, and defence potentially exempt from the bill, not all information will be equally accessible. By REMMY NWEKE.

It was breaking news in Nigeria that the house of representatives had passed the much-anticipated Freedom of Information bill. In Nigeria, for any bill to become an Act and, eventually, law, it must go through the two chambers of the national assembly, both the house of representatives (“Green Chambers”) and the senate (“Red Chambers”). However, this is not the first time the FoI bill has been passed by the Green Chambers. Noteworthy is that during the former president Olusegun Obasanjo’s eight-year tenure, the same bill, though amended greatly now, was passed and went through both chambers. The discussion in the… More

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Liberia

Gregory Stemn had some narrow escapes covering the civil war in Liberia. Even though he now lives in the US, he admits to still hearing bullets flying over his head. Stemn hopes that his recently published book, "Liberia: When Darkness Falls", will be widely distributed in his home country - so that people remember what they've lived through. By MICHAEL KEATING

MK: Where did you learn your craft? GS: I studied photography in high school. I also trained at the ministry of information and the US embassy. MK: What was your first job as a photographer? GS: I was hired as a sports reporter at the Daily Observer. I loved sports, but because I was junior, I didn’t cover football, but ping-pong, basketball and boxing. Photo: Living skeletons of people in Bomi's humanitarian crisis. MK: Did you take to the work right away? GS: Oh yes. I loved all the technical parts of photography. I loved working with the chemicals in… More

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Cape Town

We hope you're not getting bored with stories about the lack of public participation at Press Council hearings being held around the country. But we can't report on all the interesting points the public is making if they simply don't exist. At least in Cape Town on Thursday the Muslim Judicial Council aired its views – but that was about it. Again. By TO MOLEFE.

The latest leg of the Press Council public hearings began in Cape Town on Thursday to a room of at most eight people – a stark contrast to events such as the one held last year at the Book Lounge in the city. That event was convened by Idasa and others to discuss public sentiment around the media appeals tribunal and the Protection of Information Bill. It was standing-room only on that occasion and some people even listened from the pavement outside. Thursday's hearings kicked off with presentations from Ralf Will of the Swift Photo Agency and Gill Moodie, a… More

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Egypt, Africa

Sadly, CBS reporter Lara Logan's sexual assault in Cairo last week is but one instance of a crime that is all too common in Africa. Until Friday, the women of Egypt had found the protests notable for the lack of harassment, but the attack on Logan was a brutal reminder of their daily realities. We can only hope political change in Egypt also brings a change in attitude towards women. By COURTNEY BROOKS.

The historic day that saw Egyptian President Hosni Mubarak step down from power and inspired the world to believe in the possibility of change was marred by the sexual assault on CBS journalist Lara Logan. On 11 February, Logan, the network’s chief foreign correspondent, sustained a “brutal and sustained sexual assault and beating before being saved by a group of women and an estimated 20 Egyptian soldiers,” stated CBS on Tuesday. She was separated from her crew in the crush of more than 200 people “whipped into frenzy”, which CBS called “a dangerous element amidst the celebration”. She was then… More

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Johannesburg

Having threatened to impose a statutory media appeals tribunal on South Africa – despite global condemnation and in the face of the Constitutional protection of a free media as President Jacob Zuma said in his State of the Nation address – the chief complainant, the ANC, failed even to attend the first hearings of the Press Council on Thursday. By JULIE REID.

The first of the Press Council hearings was held at Wits University in Johannesburg on Thursday. This kicks off a nationwide series of hearings the South African Press Council is undergoing in response to the ANC's call for a statutory media appeals tribunal. Many are hoping this review process will nullify the calls for a tribunal from the ruling party. Media Monitoring Africa made a comprehensive presentation with a number of suggestions for improving the Press Code. Of these the most affronting was its view that the Press Code should improve its provisions for the representation of children in the… More

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South Africa

U2 frontman Bono was the target of wide-scale derision this weekend after a story about him apparently supporting ANC Youth League president Julius Malema and that infamous “shoot the boer” liberation song flamed across South Africa – and then circled the globe. But as the world’s most famous Irish band took to the stage at FNB Stadium, music journalists stepped forward to say Bono had been horribly misquoted by the media. By MANDY DE WAAL.

“Bono guides Juju” and “Julius Malema may have found an unlikely ally in U2 frontman Bono who, on Friday, waded into the debate over the singing of the controversial Shoot The Boer song.” These were the Sunday Times and TimesLIVE headlines and opening lines, augmented at 10:31 on Sunday morning by another TimesLIVE headline, “Bono backs Malema's ‘shoot the boer’ song”, which caused many South Africans to erupt in anger at U2’s Bono. Predictably, Afrikaans pop star Steve Hofmeyr didn’t miss a self-promoting beat and added fuel to the fire by tweeting: “I have just dumped my R5000 worth of… More

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Kenya

Initially, there was relative press freedom in independent Kenya under Jomo Kenyatta – with the emphasis being on “relative” – but the situation deteriorated during the rule Daniel Arap Moi. This continued under the Kibaki administration, and it is only under the new constitution, since August 2010, that the right to media freedom is guaranteed. By ZACHARY OCHIENG.

Even as Kenya celebrated 47 years of independence last December, total press freedom has long been a pipe dream, despite the fact the country maintains one of the most vibrant media outlets on the continent. The country’s founding president, Jomo Kenyatta, who ruled Kenya from independence in 1963 to 1978 when he died in office, did not gag the media. However, a cabal of ministers around him frequently made telephone calls to newsrooms, ostensibly to have some sensitive stories killed.In Kenyatta’s own words, the media was supposed to be free, as long as it exercised responsibility. At independence, the media… More

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Liberia

Freedom of the press is a tricky issue in Liberia, as in most African countries. While it’s assumed President Ellen Johnson Sirleaf played a behind-the-scenes role in the release of editor Rodney Sieh from prison, journalists still suffer threats and intimidation - and with election in October this will only increase. A lack of resources  is not helping matters either. By MICHAEL KEATING.

As far back as June 2010 in steamy, rain-soaked Monrovia, I could already sense the buzz building around presidential elections scheduled for October  2011. In the coming contest – only the second presidential election since the end of the civil war – Liberians will decide whether to re-elect Ellen Johnson Sirleaf, Africa’s first female head of state, for a second term. Just as the daily downpours fill the potholes that mar almost every road in Liberia, giving the illusion of a smooth passable surface, Liberia’s airwaves and newspapers will soon be filled with the political propaganda of the candidates. While… More

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